Architecture of the Masjid an-Nabawi

By the Editors of the Madain Project

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The current architecture [see note 1] of the Masjid Nabawi, a marvel known for its expansiveness, intricate design and functional character, is the culmination of centuries of work. The mosque's current structure is an extensive complex that covers a vast area, reflecting modern architectural advancements while maintaining elements of traditional and contemporary Islamic, Ottoman and Arab architecture and design.

Overview

Masjid an-Nabawi, located in Medina, Saudi Arabia, is a remarkable example of contemporary Islamic architecture. Its design seamlessly blends traditional elements with modern architectural innovations, creating a space that is both functional and aesthetically striking. The mosque has undergone numerous expansions and renovations, resulting in its current extensive and sophisticated structure.

The current mosque complex comprises of several historical and modern sections, which include the Ottoman Hall, first Saudi expansion, second Saudi expansion, Garden of the Saqifah, Jannatul Baqi cemetery.

The new mosque incorporates the older Ottoman period mosque within it. The two sections are easily distinguishable: the older section features many colorful decorations and numerous small pillars, while the new section is constructed of gleaming white marble and is fully air-conditioned. The open courtyard of the mosque can be shaded by foldable, umbrella-like canopies.

Masjid al-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque in Medina)

Architecture

circa 610 CE

Exterior Architecture
The exterior architecture of the Masjid an-Nabawi is characterized by its striking minarets and domes. The mosque features ten minarets, each standing approximately 105 meters tall. These minarets are equipped with modern lighting systems that illuminate the mosque at night, creating a mesmerizing view. The mosque’s domes, particularly the iconic Green Dome, are built on square bases and are equipped with sliding mechanisms to facilitate ventilation and natural light.

The mosque features a rectangular design on two levels, with the Ottoman prayer hall extending to the south. The main prayer hall spans the entire first floor. The mosque's enclosure is 100 times larger than the original mosque built by the prophet Muhammad and can accommodate over half a million worshippers.

The mosque boasts a flat, paved roof adorned with 24 domes on square bases. Each dome's base has holes that illuminate the interior. During peak times, the roof also serves as a prayer space, with the 24 domes sliding on metal tracks to create shaded areas and light wells for the prayer hall. The courtyard of the Ottoman mosque is shaded by umbrellas attached to freestanding columns during these times. Access to the roof is provided by stairs and escalators. The surrounding paved area is also used for prayer and is equipped with umbrella tents.

The north facade features three evenly spaced porticos, while the east, west, and south facades have two. The walls consist of a series of windows topped by pointed arches with black and white voussoirs. Six peripheral minarets are attached to the new extension, with four others framing the Ottoman structure.

circa 622- CE

Interior Architecture
The interior of Masjid an-Nabawi is equally impressive, featuring a large prayer hall that can accommodate hundreds of thousands of worshippers. The hall is adorned with intricately designed marble columns and archways that support the roof. The ceiling is decorated with ornate patterns and calligraphy, enhancing the spiritual ambiance of the mosque. Advanced climate control systems are integrated into the architecture to ensure a comfortable environment for visitors.

The mosque is richly decorated with multicolored marble and stones. The columns are made of white marble with brass capitals supporting slightly pointed arches, built from black and white stones. The column bases have ventilation grills to regulate the temperature inside the prayer hall.

Gallery Want to use our images?

An illustration of the Masjid Nabawi in early twentieth century CE.
An aerial view of the Masjid Nabawi (looking towards the first Saudi expansion part of the mosque).
Panoramic view of al-Masjid Nabawi from the north-west.

Recommended Readings

Visiting the Prophet's Mosque and Guidelines for Visitors

Dr 'Abdullah Ibn Naji Al-Mikhliif

This book is presented in a simple style and it is comprehensive in the topics it deals with. It comprises the key aspects that should be taken into consideration by visitors. Praise be to Allah Who made visiting the Prophet's Mosque one of the most pious acts and prayer therein a means for gaining higher ranks.
See on Amazon

The Sirah of the Prophet A Contemporary and Original Analysis

Yasir Qadhi

This book provides a refreshing insight into the life of the Final Messenger and contextualises the sīrah in the modern-day context. It is not just a chronological account but also offers beneficial and actionable lessons, relating the biography of the Prophet (PBUH) to our daily lives.
See on Amazon

Notes

See Also

References

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