The Vicus Jugarius (literally meaning Street of the Yoke-Makers), is known to be one of Rome's most ancient roads; its route, virtually unchanged over the centuries. During the regal period it eventually developed in to a shortcut between the Forum valley, where it crosses the perpendicular Via Sacra, and the ancient harbour or emporium and the Forum Boarium on the left bank of the Tiber. The information collected during the extensive excavation activity has shown that the ancient road of Vicus Jugarius was used uninterruptedly until the modern period; along the ancient road is an unbroken sequence of frequentation layers consisting of simple beaten earth of cobblestones. Some structures next to the sides of the road survive as evidence of the city's growth.

circa 54 BCE

The paved road visible today inside the archaeological area dates back to the period between the late fifth and early sixth century CE; this must be the original height of the road since there is a sewer of the archaic period imediately beneath the present surface. The first beaten earth surgaces that begin to raise the level of the road appear between the seventh and eighth century CE and are preserved in the exposed stratigraphy. In the early tenth century CE, when the early medieval buildings were constructed, the road surface was over a meter above the travertine floor of the late first century BCE in front of the short or the north-western side of the Basilica Julia. Finally, a wall with two arches made of small tufa blocks with brick-undersides dating to the thirteenth century CE survives from the medieval period.

Today, the maximus length of the Vicus Jugarius traceable is approximately 50 meters. Historically, it would have continued westwards where now the modern Via della Consolazione lies and intersects the Via del Teatro di Marcello and merges with Via del Foro Olitorio, adjacent to the Tiber river.

Sometime during the tenth century CE, the level of the floor in the area was artificially raised about a meter, and a house was built adjacent to the north-west corner of the Basilical Julia, effectively cutting it off from the rest of the route.

circa 1929 CE

VICUS IUGARIUS, a street that led from the forum, between the basilica Iulia and the temple of Castor, to the porta Carmentalis (Liv. xxiv. 27. 115; xxvii. 37. 14; xxxv. 21. 6; Fest. 290; Not. Reg. VII; Hemerol. Vail. ad iv Kal. Aug.). Its name is said to have been derived from an altar of Iuno Iuga (Fest. 104: dictus Romae quia ibifuerat ara Iunonis Iugae quam putabant matrimonia iungere; HFP 13). It is far less likely that the name was given to this street because the makers of yokes (iuga) had their shops here, or because it connected the forum and the district of the forum Holitorium (Jord. i. I. 515; 2. 468; Thedenat 175, 225; Gilb. i. 257-263; iii. 416, 417). The present pavement is not ancient (NS 1883, 14), but preserves the line of the street after the building of the basilica Iulia. Before the Augustan period it was a little further towards the south-east (CR 1902, 94; JRS 1922, 17). A purpurarius (or dealer in purple stuffs) ‘de vico iugario’ is known to us from a sepulchral inscription (NS 1922, 144). See also DR 510-512.

The road later known as the vicus Iugarius was the road by which the roads from the north, north-east and east–(I) the road which preceded the via Flaminia and the clivus Argentarius; (2) the via Salaria, the vicus Longus, the clivus Insteius and the Argiletum; (3) the via Tiburtina and Labicana,1 the Subura and the Argiletum — all reached the crossing over the Tiber just below the island. It must have kept close to the southern edge of the Capitol, to avoid the marshy ground between this hill and the Palatine. It was thus, there is little doubt, a part of the original trade route which led to the river, perhaps before there was any settlement on the site of Rome at all. And there is also a strong probability that it was the salt marshes on the right bank of the Tiber that were in use in these early days; otherwise, the roads from the north and north-east, at any rate, would have made for the west side of the Capitol (porta Carmentalis or Flumentana) and not for its east side.

Just as the line of the vicus Iugarius belonged originally to the trade route from the north, north-east and east to the west and north-west, so that of the road through the valley of the circus Maximus belonged to the route from the west and north-west to the south and south-east, forming the approach from the Tiber crossing to the via Castrimoeniensis and the road to Conca, which approached respectively the central district of the Alban Hills and their south-western slopes, the latter going on to join the ancient road at the foot of the Volscian mountains, which led to Terracina or Anxur long before the via Latina, and via Appia (both of them artificial military roads, taking a perfectly straight line) were even contemplated, and formed the other route to Capua, Naples, and Magna Graecia. See PBS i. 215 sqq.; iv. I sqq. v. 213 sqq.