The Catacombs on the Appian Way are a testament to the early Christian and Jewish presence in ancient Rome, offering a fascinating glimpse into the burial practices, art, and history of these communities. Stretching beneath one of Rome's oldest roads, the catacombs were carved into the soft volcanic rock known as tuff, creating an extensive network of passageways and tombs.

Among the most famous are the Catacombs of San Callisto and San Sebastiano, which contain remarkable frescoes, inscriptions, and relics that provide valuable insights into the beliefs and traditions of the period. These catacombs not only served as places of burial but also as sites of worship and refuge during times of persecution, making them significant historical and religious landmarks. Today, the Catacombs on the Appian Way are preserved as important archaeological sites, attracting scholars and tourists alike who seek to explore the underground legacy of ancient Rome.

circa 150 CE

Catacombs of Saint Sebastian
The catacombs of Saint Sebastian (Catacombe di San Sebastiano) are ancient underground burial sites located along the Appian Way in Rome, named after Saint Sebastian, a Christian martyr believed to be buried there. These catacombs date back to the mid to late second century CE and were initially used for pagan burials before becoming a significant Christian cemetery.

Initially serving as a burial ground for pagans, the site later became a prominent Christian cemetery, reflecting the transition and spread of Christianity within the Roman Empire. The catacombs are notable for their extensive network of tunnels and burial chambers adorned with early Christian symbols and art, providing a fascinating glimpse into the faith and customs of Rome's early Christians. Above the catacombs, the Basilica of Saint Sebastian was constructed in the 4th century, further cementing the site's religious significance.

circa 175-390 CE

Jewish Catacombs of Vigna Randanini
The catacombs of Vigna Randanini (Catacombe di Vigna Randanini) are one of the few known Jewish burial sites in Rome, dating from the second to the fourth centuries CE. Located on the Appian Way, these catacombs provide a unique insight into the Jewish community of ancient Rome and their burial customs. The Jewish catacombs feature distinct symbols and inscriptions in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, reflecting the rich cultural and religious identity of Roman Jews. The catacombs comprise a labyrinth of tunnels and chambers adorned with frescoes and carvings depicting Jewish motifs such as the menorah, the Ark of the Covenant, and other religious symbols. These underground cemeteries not only served as places of burial but also stand as a testament to the Jewish community's resilience and integration within the broader Roman society.

circa 220 CE

Catacombs of Callixtus
The catacombs of Callixtus (Catacombe di Callisto), today a protected archaeological site, are a significant Christian burial site located along the Appian Way in Rome, dating back to the early decades of first century CE. They are named after Pope Callixtus I, who, before becoming pope, was appointed by Pope Zephyrinus to be in charge of these catacombs.

Spanning over twenty kilometers of underground passageways and reaching depths of up to approx. 20 meters, the Catacombs of Callixtus are renowned for their architectural complexity and historical significance. They contain the Crypt of the Popes, which housed the tombs of several early popes and martyrs, and the Crypt of Saint Cecilia, dedicated to the patron saint of music. The catacombs are adorned with early Christian frescoes, inscriptions, and symbols, offering a vivid portrayal of early Christian art and belief. Serving as a refuge during periods of persecution, these catacombs are a testament to the resilience and faith of the early Christian community.