Timeline of the Crusades

By the Editors of the Madain Project

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Overview

Brief Timeline

Circa 1095 CE

Pope Urban Calls for the First Crusade
Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade in a speech at the Council of Clermont, urging Christians to retake the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Circa 1096-1099 CE

First Crusade
The First Crusade begins with several waves of knights and peasants traveling to the Middle East. The Crusaders capture Nicaea, Antioch, and eventually Jerusalem in 1099, establishing the Crusader States.


1144 CE
The County of Edessa falls to Muslim forces, leading to the calling of the Second Crusade by Pope Eugene III.

1147-1149
The Second Crusade is led by King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of the Holy Roman Empire, but ends in failure with the Crusaders failing to recapture Edessa.

1187 CE
The Muslim leader Saladin captures Jerusalem, leading to the calling of the Third Crusade by European monarchs, including King Richard the Lionheart of England, Emperor Frederick I of the Holy Roman Empire, and King Philip II of France. Jerusalem remains under Muslim control, but a truce is negotiated.

1202-1204 CE
The Fourth Crusade is diverted from its original mission to recapture Jerusalem and instead attacks the Christian city of Constantinople, resulting in the establishment of the Latin Empire.

1217-1221 CE
The Fifth Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III, with the objective of capturing Egypt and using it as a base for further attacks on Muslim territories. The Crusaders capture Damietta but fail to advance further.

1228-1229 CE
The Sixth Crusade is led by Emperor Frederick II, who negotiates the return of Jerusalem to Christian control without a battle.

1244 CE
Jerusalem falls to Muslim forces again, leading to the calling of the Seventh Crusade by King Louis IX of France.

1248-1254 CE
The Seventh Crusade is defeated and King Louis IX is captured by Muslim forces in Egypt.

1270 CE
The Eighth Crusade is launched by King Louis IX, who dies of illness in Tunisia before reaching the Holy Land.

1291 CE
The fall of Acre marks the end of the Crusader States, and the final defeat of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. The remaining Christian forces retreat to Cyprus.

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