The "Pharaoh of the Exodus" refers to the study for the identification of the Pharaoh who was ruling ancient Egypt at the time of the Israelite Exodus mentioned in the religious sources of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Pharaoh Ramesses II is the most widely regarded Pharaoh of the Exodus depending of the time frame of his reign era. Although some theories also suggest Thutmose III to be the same.
The subject of Pharaoh's identity coincides with the study of the dating the Israelite presence in the ancient Egypt and the events of the plagues of Egypt resulting in the event of Exodus. The identity of Pharaoh in the Mosaic tradition has been a subject of extensive debate, but many scholars are inclined to accept that Exodus of the Israelites happened during the reign of King Ramses II (during the ninteenth dynasty).
circa 1539–1514 BCE
Ahmose I
circa 1479-1425 BCE
Thutmose III
According to some archaeological sources Thutmose III is the Pharaoh of the Exodus.
circa 1427-1401 BCE
Amenhotep II
circa 1279-1213 BCE
Ramesses the Great
The bust of Ramesses the Great from abu Simbel, the most popular candidate for the Pharaoh of the Exodus, during the time of Moses. Some scholars have suggested Ramesses II as the Pharaoh of the Israelite Exodus from ancient Egypt, but this is challenged due to the timeline misalignment with the biblical narrative and the lack of conclusive evidence.
In this study, pastor John MacArthur will guide you through an in-depth look at the historical period beginning with God's calling of Moses, continuing through the giving of the Ten Commandments, and concluding with the Israelites' preparations to enter the Promised Land.
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Scholars of the Hebrew Bible have in the last decade begun to question the historical accuracy of the Israelite sojourn in Egypt, as described in the book of Exodus. The reason for the rejection of the exodus tradition is said to be the lack of historical and archaeological evidence in Egypt. Those advancing these claims, however, are not specialists in the study of Egyptian history, culture, and archaeology.
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In this groundbreaking work, the authors reexamine humanity's most enduring account of bondage, emancipation, and freedom. The Great Exodus is the story of how one man, empowered by divine epiphany, brought the mighty ancient kingdom of Egypt to its knees. For thousands of years, this story has bolstered the faithful of three major religions, though little historical data confirms it.
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The Madain Project is an online archive of Abrahamic History and Archaeology.
Abrahamic History & Archaeology is the study of history and archaeology with respect to the three Abrahamic Faiths without considering the religious and theological aspects. The goal of Abrahamic History is to understand how and why the religious doctrines and behaviours have evlovled and changed over time. Searching for patterns in the evolution of significant cultural events such as the development of farming, the emergence of cities, or the collapse of major civilizations for clues of why and how these have influenced the three major Abrahamic religions.
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