India is home to a vast number of mosques, with estimates suggesting over 300,000 across the country. These mosques vary significantly in size, architectural style, and historical significance, mirroring the rich tapestry of India's Islamic heritage. The architectural evolution of mosques in India can be traced through several distinct phases, each influenced by the prevailing political and cultural milieu.

The advent of Islam in India in the 7th century introduced new architectural forms, as Arab traders and missionaries constructed the earliest mosques. These initial structures were modest, often simple single-room buildings made of brick or stone, with a flat roof. Over time, as Islamic rule established itself in the subcontinent, mosque architecture began to incorporate elements from Persian, Turkish, and indigenous Indian styles, leading to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture.

During the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526), the construction of mosques became more elaborate, with the introduction of features such as large courtyards, domes, and minarets. The Mughal period (1526–1857) marked a golden age in mosque architecture, characterized by grand structures built with red sandstone and marble, intricate carvings, and expansive prayer halls.

In contemporary times, mosque architecture in India continues to evolve, with some modern mosques embracing minimalist and innovative designs. For instance, the Masjid an-Noorayn in Kerala, completed in recent years, employs brutalist architecture to create a contemplative space using raw concrete forms and strategic lighting.

Babri Masjid
Babri Masjid as seen in early 1900s, approx 80 years before its destruction in 1992. The Babri Masjid was a mosque in Ayodhya, India. Located in Faizabad district, it was one of the largest mosques in the Uttar Pradesh state. According to the mosque's inscriptions, it was built in 1528–29 CE (935 Hj.) by Mir Baqi, on orders of the Mughal emperor Babur (after whom it is named).

Jama Masjid, Delhi
Constructed between 1650 and 1656 by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, the Jama Masjid is one of the largest and most renowned mosques in India. Located in the heart of Old Delhi, it features a vast courtyard, three grand gates, and two towering minarets. The mosque's design reflects the height of Mughal architectural achievement, with intricate carvings and expansive prayer halls.

Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad
Situated near the Charminar, the Mecca Masjid is one of the oldest mosques in Hyderabad, dating back to the 17th century. It is named after the bricks used in its construction, which were said to have been brought from Mecca. The mosque is an architectural marvel, with its imposing structure and serene ambiance.

Taj-ul-Masajid, Bhopal
Known as the "Crown of Mosques", the Taj-ul-Masajid is one of the largest mosques in India. Completed in the late 20th century, it boasts expansive courtyards, towering minarets, and a grand central dome. Its construction was initiated during the reign of Nawab Shah Jahan Begum and completed under her successor.

Bara Imambara, Lucknow
Though primarily a Shia religious complex, the Bara Imambara houses a mosque and stands as a testament to Mughal-era architecture. Built in 1784 by Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula, it is renowned for its central hall, which is one of the largest arched constructions without support beams. The mosque within the complex is an integral part of this architectural masterpiece.

Cheraman Juma Masjid, Kerala
Located in Kodungallur, this mosque is believed to be the first mosque built in India, dating back to 629 CE. It showcases a blend of Kerala's traditional architectural style with Islamic elements, reflecting the early spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent.

Dhai Seedhi Ki Masjid
Dhai Seedhi Ki Masjid, meaning "Mosque of the Two and a Half Steps," is a small yet historically significant mosque situated atop a bastion of the Fatehgarh Fort in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Constructed in 1726 CE by Nawab Dost Mohammad Khan, the founder of Bhopal State, it holds the distinction of being the first mosque in Bhopal and is considered one of the smallest mosques in Asia.