In the context of ancient Jerusalem, the term specifically designates the area that King David captured and established as his capital, which is situated in the southeastern part of the city and known for its monumental structures and significant archaeological finds.

In contrast, Bethlehem, located to the south of Jerusalem, is also called the "City of David" because it is recognized as the birthplace of King David and holds a central place in the Davidic lineage. This dual use of the term reflects the importance of both cities in the biblical narrative and their distinct yet interconnected roles in the history of the region.

circa 1000 BCE

Jerusalem
Ancient Jerusalem (mostly the historic part of the city on the eastern ridge between the Silwan Valley and the upper parts of Mount Moriah), often referred to as the "City of David," holds a central place in the historical and biblical narrative due to its significance as the capital established by King David. In the biblical narrative the town of David or City of David is mentioned in 2 Samuel 5:7, 2 Samuel 5:9, and 1 Chronicles 11:4.

This term specifically designates the ancient southeastern part of Jerusalem, where David fortified and expanded the city to serve as the political and spiritual heart of his kingdom around 1000 BCE. The area, located on a strategic hilltop, includes notable archaeological sites such as the remains of David’s palace, ancient fortifications, and the foundational structures that shaped the early urban landscape. As the "City of David," this part of Jerusalem symbolizes not only the origins of Davidic rule but also the city’s enduring legacy as a pivotal center of religious and historical importance.

Bethlehem
Bethlehem, known as the "City of David", holds a unique and profound place in biblical history as the birthplace of King David. Situated approximately six miles south of Jerusalem, this ancient town is renowned for its significant role in the Davidic lineage and its connection to the early narrative of the Hebrew Bible. According to biblical accounts, Bethlehem was where David, the youngest son of Jesse, was anointed as king, and it remains a symbol of his humble beginnings and divine selection. The title "City of David" emphasizes Bethlehem’s importance in the Davidic dynasty and highlights its enduring legacy in the context of Jewish and Christian traditions. Additionally, Bethlehem's association with the Nativity story, as the birthplace of Jesus Christ according to the New Testament, further enhances its significance in religious history.

circa 1000 BCE

City of David Archaeological Park
The archaeological park of the "City of David" is accessible through the street of Ma'alot Ir David. The corner of the street is just a few dozen meters east of to the Dung Gate, near the southern side of the temple. The park of City of David encompasses the remnants of the earliest phase of Jerusalem’s history, dating back to the Bronze Age and prominently featuring the area where King David established his capital around 1000 BCE. The archaeological site includes a wealth of discoveries, such as the ancient fortifications, the impressive Hezekiah’s Tunnel, and the Pool of Siloam, which provide invaluable insights into the urban planning and engineering feats of the ancient city.

circa 10 CE

City of David in Holyland Model of Jerusalem
The Holyland Model of Jerusalem depicts the David's city in the Second Temple period. Located immediately south of the Temple Mount, is was a walled complex of buildings where royals resided.

In the 33 years of his reign (37-4 BCE), Herod transformed the city as had no other ruler since Solomon. Building palaces and citadels, a theatre and an amphitheatre, viaducts (bridges) and public monuments. These ambitious building projects, some completed long after his death, were part of the king's single-minded campaign to increase his capital's importance in the eyes of the Roman Empire. The Temple stood high above the old City of David, at the center of a gigantic white stone platform.